Complex of computer models for cold stress evaluation in water
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20535/RADAP.2015.60.122-130Keywords:
modelling, thermoregulation, hypothermia, water, cold stressAbstract
Introduction. Due to the high value of water thermal conductivity comparing to air, stay of man in cold water (water temperature lower than 25 sup>°C) is associated with high life and health hazard. One of the ways to evaluate survival time of human in water is usage of statistics data about survivors and water temperature organized as tables and curves. Another method to evaluate survival time and physiological state of man in water is computer modelling of human thermoregulatory system. Computer modelling allows to predict human thermal state in extreme environment without health hazard for man.Main body. Information technology based on complex of mathematical models was developed to predict human thermophysiological state in cold water. The main component of complex is mathematical model of shivering in muscles. Shivering increases heat production up to four-fivefold of basal metabolic rate. Human thermophysiological state in case of accidental water immersion at temperature range from 5 to 25 °C was predicted using information technology. In order to evaluate influence of immersion level on hypothermia, computer modelling was performed for cases of full immersion, head out of water and immersion with head and arms out of water.
Conclusions. Developed complex of computer models allows to predict human thermophysiological state and evaluate cold stress in wide range of water temperature and the immersion level. The modelling results showed that the cooling rate increases with reduction in water temperature and the increase in percentage of immersed human body. When water temperature below 25 °C heat loss is always higher than shivering in muscles, thus body core temperature reduces at all levels of immersion. The safest case of immersion is immersion with head and arms out of water.
References
Перечень источников
Marino F. Whole body cooling by immersion in water at moderate temperatures / F. Marino, J. J. Booth // Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. – 1998. – No.1. – P. 73-81.
Molnar G. W. Survival of hypothermia by men immersed in the ocean / G. W. Molnar // The journal of the american medical association. – 1946. – Vol. 131, No. 13. – P. 1046-1050.
Golden F. Essentials of Sea Survival / F. Golden, M. Tipton. - Human Kinetics, - 2002. – 320 p.
Montgomery L. D. A model of heat transfer in immersed man / L. D. Montgomery // Annals of Biomedical Engineering. – 1974. – Vol. 2, No.1. – P. 19–46.
Wissler E. H. A Mathematical Model of the Human Thermal System / E. H. Wissler // The Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics. – 1964. - No.26. – P. 147–166.
Tikuisis P. Prediction of sea survival time / P. Tikuisis, A. A. Keefe // Defence and Civil Insitute of Environmental Medicine DCIEM. – 1996. – Vol. 96, No.12. – P. 12-32.
Xu X. Survival Time Prediction in Marine Environments / X. Xu, C. A. Turner, W. R. Santee // Journal of Thermal Biology. - 2011. – Vol. 36, No.6. – P. 340–45.
Ермакова И.И. Информационная платформа мультикомпартментальных моделей термoрегуляции человека / И. И. Ермакова // Кибернетика и вычислительная техника. - 2013. - 174. - С. 81-91
Ермакова И.И. Компьютерная модель терморегуляции человека при погружении в воду / И.И. Ермакова, Ю.Н. Солопчук // Кибернетика и вычислительная техника. – Вып. 172. – Киев. – 2013. – С. 39 48.
Yermakova I.I. Heat exchange model for prediction of human thermal state in water / I.I. Yermakova, Y.M. Solopchuk, J.P. Tadeeva // Electronics and Nanotechnology: наук.праці XXXІІ міжн.конф. ; 10-12 квітня 2012р., Київ. - 2012. - С.200.
Yermakova I., Heat production, heat transfer and heat exchange in man during water immersion / I. Yermakova, Y. Solopchuk, L. Khudyakova // Electronics and Nanotechnology: наук.праці IEEE XXXІІI міжн.конф. ; 16-19 квітня 2013р. ; Київ. – 2013. – С. 290-292.
Ермакова И.И. Модель терморегуляции человека для оценки холодового стресса на воздухе и в воде / И.И. Ермакова, А.Ю. Николаенко, Ю.Н. Солопчук // Управляющие системы и машины. – 2014.- № 5. – С. 6-12.
Eyolfson D. A. Measurement and prediction of peak shivering intensity in humans / D. A. Eyolfson, P. Tikuisis, X. Xu, G. Weseen, G. G. Giesbrecht // European Journal of Applied Physiology. – 2001. – Vol.84, №1-2. – P. 100-106.
References
Marino F., Booth J. J. Whole body cooling by immersion in water at moderate temperatures. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 1998, no.1, pp. 73-81.
Molnar G. W. (1946) Survival of hypothermia by men immersed in the ocean. The journal of the american medical association, vol. 131, no. 13, pp. 1046-1050.
Golden F. (2002) Essentials of Sea Survival. USA, Human Kinetics, 320 p.
Montgomery L. D. (1974) A model of heat transfer in immersed man. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol. 2, no.1, pp. 19–46.
Wissler E. H. (1964) A Mathematical Model of the Human Thermal System. The Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, no.26, pp. 147–166.
Tikuisis P. and Keefe A. A. (1996) Prediction of sea survival time. Defence and Civil Insitute of Environmental Medicine DCIEM, vol. 96, no.12, pp. 12-32.
Xu X., Turner C. A. and Santee W. R. (2011) Survival Time Prediction in Marine Environments. Journal of Thermal Biology, vol. 36, no.6, pp. 340–345.
Yermakova I.I. (2013) Informatsyonnaia platforma multikompartmentalnykh modelei termoreguliatsyi cheloveka [Information platform of multicompartmental models of human thermoregulation]. Kibernetyka i vychislitelnaia tekhnika, no.174, pp. 81-91.
Yermakova I.I. and Solopchuk Y.M. (2013) Komp'yuternaya model termoreguliatsyi cheloveka pri pogruzhenii v vodu [Computer model of human thermoregulatory system during immersion]. Kibernetyka i vychislitelnaia tekhnika, no.172, pp. 39-48.
Yermakova I.I., Solopchuk Y.M. and Tadeeva J.P. (2012) Heat exchange model for prediction of human thermal state in water. Electronics and Nanotechnology, Proc. XXXІІ int. conf., P.200.
Yermakova I., Solopchuk Y. and Khudyakova L. (2013) Heat production, heat transfer and heat exchange in man during water immersion. Electronics and Nanotechnology, Proc. IEEE XXXІІI int. conf., pp. 290-292.
Yermakova I., Solopchuk Y. and Nikolaienko A. (2014) Model termoreguliatsyi cheloveka dlia otsenki kholodovogo stressa na vozdukhe i v vode [Model of human thermoregulation for cold stress evaluation in air and water]. Upravliaiushchie sistemy i mashyny, no.5, pp. 6-12.
Eyolfson, D. A., Tikuisis, P., Xu, X., Weseen, G. and Giesbrecht, G. G. (2001) Measurement and prediction of peak shivering intensity in humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.84, no.1-2, pp. 100–106.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
