Frequency Dependences of the Rhinological Parameters of Electrical Bioimpedance in the Area of the Paranasal and Nasal Sinuses

Abstract

Introduction. Possibilities of three-frequency broadband electrical bioimpedanceometry of the nasal and paranasal regions were investigated.
Research methodology and equipment. The studies were performed experimentally non-invasively using a three-frequency wideband bioimpedance system TOR-M-1, adapted to the conditions and requirements of rhinological studies. The TOR-M-1 system provides the measurement of the module Z and the phase angle φ of the impedance of the human body sections at three frequencies of 20 kHz, 100 kHz and 500 kHz with programmatic calculation of active R, reactive X components of the impedance at these frequencies. Non-invasive impedance parameters were measured using a tetrapolar technique using paired stainless steel active electrodes connected to the human body in the area between the cheek and the hand.
Results and Discussion. It is established that the values ​​of the module, phase angle, active and reactive components of the impedance at these frequencies are individually individual for a particular person and change dynamically in the presence of rhinological diseases. The most characteristic features that characterize the normal and abnormal conditions of the nasal and paranasal tissues, are concentrated in the frequency dependences of the phase angle.
Conclusions. Cole diagrams for groups of patients with certain phase-to-angle ratios at three frequencies show the possibility of determining different functional states of patients: the normal state, the presence of residual phenomena of rhinological diseases, while the subjective person feels normal and active disease. The results of impedance frequency parameters dynamics during respiratory disease are presented.